基于行人认知规律的地铁引导标识信息优化

郝亚睿; 雷斌; 张源; 孙盈娅

doi:10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2021.04.013

基于行人认知规律的地铁引导标识信息优化

doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2021.04.013

郝亚睿^1,,
雷斌^1, ,,
张源¹,
孙盈娅²

1.
西安建筑科技大学土木工程学院陕西西安 710055
2.
陕西省土地工程建设集团有限责任公司陕西西安 710075

基金项目:

陕西省交通科技项目 16-40K

陕西省交通科技项目 20-05R

陕西省科学技术厅社会发展领域项目 2021SF-486

详细信息

作者简介:
郝亚睿(1996—), 硕士研究生.研究方向: 城市轨道交通.E-mail: haoyarui@xauat.edu.cn

通讯作者:
雷斌(1978—), 博士, 教授.研究方向: 城市轨道交通.E-mail: 371503770@qq.com

中图分类号: U291.69
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-01-25

Optimization of Guide Signs in Subways Based on Pedestrian Cognition Laws

HAO Yarui^1
,,
LEI Bin^{1
, ,},
ZHANG Yuan¹,
SUN Yingya²

1.
School of Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi, China
2.
Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group, Xi'an 710075, Shaanxi, China

摘要

摘要: 地铁引导标识担负着引导行人出行的重要功能, 目前许多引导标识设置混乱, 信息过载, 导致认知率较低。为了使行人更高效地从引导标识获取信息, 从行人认知规律出发, 分别针对行人的瞬时记忆、短时记忆遗忘规律设计了室内认知试验, 通过对引导标识信息进行组块划分, 对不同组块数量标识的瞬时记忆容量进行研究; 采用“Brown-Peterson”法对短时记忆中信息的遗忘规律进行探究。研究结果表明: 行人3 s瞬时记忆量在4±1个信息块; 行人在没有复述的情况下, 信息记忆可以保持15~20 s。在西安市地铁2/3号线的换乘站小寨站进行行人跟踪试验, 观察行人行为特征, 分析引导标识设置存在的问题。观察结果与室内认知试验研究一致, 验证了室内认知试验的科学性。
- 轨道交通 /
- 地铁导向标识 /
- 设计研究 /
- 认知试验 /
- 瞬时记忆 /
- 遗忘规律
Abstract: Guide signs in subways play an important role in guiding pedestrians during their travel. Many guides are disorderly set up and overloaded with information, resulting in a low cognitive rate. This paper takes pedestrian cognition laws as a starting point and designs indoor cognitive experiments for the forgetting laws of immediate memory and short-term memory of pedestrians to enable pedestrians to obtain information from guide signs more efficiently. The instantaneous memory capacity of identifying different block numbers is studied by dividing the guide identification information into blocks. Brown-Peterson method is used to study the information forgetting law in short-term memory.The results show that the immediate memory of pedestrians in 3 seconds is 4±1 information chunk, and pedestrians can keep information memory for 15-20 s without retelling. By the tracking test of pedestrians at the transfer station of Xi'an Metro Line 2 and Line 3 at Xiaozhai Station, the characteristics of pedestrians' behaviors are observed, with problems existing in the setting of guide signs analyzed. The results are consistent with indoor cognitive experiments, which verify the experiments.
- rail transit /
- guidance signs in subways /
- design research /
- cognitive experiment /
- immediate memory /
- forgetting law

HTML全文

图 1 组块信息标识

Figure 1. Chunk information on guide signs

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图 2 短时记忆试验流程

Figure 2. Procedures of the short-term memory test

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图 3 被试者年龄分布

Figure 3. Age distribution of subjects

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图 4 瞬时记忆与短时记忆、长时记忆的关系

Figure 4. Relationship among immediate, short-term, and long-term memories

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图 5 不同组块标识瞬时记忆准确率折线图

Figure 5. Accuracy line of the immediate memory of different chunks on guide signs

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图 6 各组块标识瞬时记忆频数图

Figure 6. Frequency distribution of the immediate memory for different chunk numbers on guide signs

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图 7 不同年龄行人短时记忆准确率曲线图

Figure 7. Accuracy line of the short-term memory for samples with different ages

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图 8 不同性别行人短时记忆准确率曲线图

Figure 8. Accuracy line of the short-term memory for samples with different genders

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图 9 引导信息记忆量遗忘的模型曲线

Figure 9. Forgetting-model curve of the memory capacitance of guide information

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图 10 站厅停留点位

Figure 10. Staying points in the station hall

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图 11 行人平均停留时间与标识组块数关系图

Figure 11. Relationship between pedestrian average stop time and the chunk numbers on guide signs

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图 12 楼梯处悬挂式标识设置形式

Figure 12. Setup form of hanging signs at stairs

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图 13 进站乘车悬挂式引导标识

Figure 13. Hanging guide signs for entering a station and taking trains

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表 1 不同组块标识

Table 1. Different chunked signs

表 2 不同组块标识瞬时记忆

Table 2. Immediate memory for different chunk numbers on guide signs

标识类型	记忆量均值/组块	记忆准确率/%
3组块	1.81	60.33
4组块	2.73	68.25
5组块	2.65	53.00
6组块	3.03	50.50
8组块	3.34	41.75
12组块	3.77	31.42

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表 3 不同性别行人短时记忆的标识信息量准确率

Table 3. Accuracy rate of the short-term memory for samples with different genders

性别	不同记忆时间间隔（s）行人短时记忆准确率/%
性别	5	10	20	40	60
男	84.25	80.26	71.05	66.67	63.60
女	82.08	78.30	68.88	66.04	62.26

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表 4 测试者各时间节点的引导信息记忆量

Table 4. Memory capacitance of guide information at each time node of test subjects

时间/s	各时间节点引导信息记忆量/%
5	83.25
10	79.32
20	70.00
40	66.37
60	63.00

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表 5 行人停留数据

Table 5. Stopping data of pedestrians

停留点位	停留次数	标识组块数
1	6	4
2	17	7
3	22	10
4	11	8
5	42	12
6	4	5
7	1	5
8	18	8
9	23	8
10	9	5

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